Method for accessing a memory and memory access circuit

ABSTRACT

In accordance with one embodiment, a method for accessing a memory is provided, including carrying out a first access to the memory and charging, for a memory cell, a bit line coupled to the memory cell to a value which is stored or to be stored in the memory cell, holding the state of the bit line until a second access, which follows the first access, and outputting the held state if the second access is a read access to the memory cell.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to German Patent Application Serial No.10 2014 106 909.9, which was filed May 16, 2014, and is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments relate generally to methods for accessing a memoryand memory access circuits.

BACKGROUND

SRAM memories, such as are used in control chips, for example, aretypically intended to have a high access speed and a low energyconsumption. Accordingly, mechanisms are desirable which allow a highaccess speed, without the energy consumption being increased in thiscase.

SUMMARY

In accordance with one embodiment, a method for accessing a memory isprovided, including carrying out a first access to the memory andcharging, for a memory cell, a bit line coupled to the memory cell to avalue which is stored or to be stored in the memory cell, holding thestate of the bit line until a second access, which follows the firstaccess, and outputting the held state if the second access is a readaccess to the memory cell.

In accordance with a further embodiment, a memory access circuit inaccordance with the method for accessing a memory is provided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the drawings, like reference characters generally refer to the sameparts throughout the different views. The drawings are not necessarilyto scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating theprinciples of the invention. In the following description, variousembodiments of the invention are described with reference to thefollowing drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an SRAM cell.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 3 shows a memory access circuit in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 4 shows a memory access circuit in accordance with one embodimentin greater detail.

FIG. 5 shows a nanocache arrangement in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6 shows a multiplex/demultiplex arrangement in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 7 shows one example of the profile of various signals for an accesswithout a nanocache hit.

FIG. 8 shows an address detecting logic circuit.

FIG. 9 shows an address comparison circuit.

DESCRIPTION

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawingsthat show, by way of illustration, specific details and embodiments inwhich the invention may be practiced. Other embodiments are alsopossible and the embodiments can be modified from structural, logicaland electrical standpoints, without departing from the subject matter ofthe invention. The different embodiments are not necessarily mutuallyexclusive, rather different embodiments can be combined with oneanother, thereby giving rise to new embodiments. In the context of thisdescription, the terms “connected” and “coupled” are used to describe adirect or indirect connection and a direct or indirect coupling.

The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example,instance, or illustration”. Any embodiment or design described herein as“exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred oradvantageous over other embodiments or designs.

The word “over” used with regards to a deposited material formed “over”a side or surface, may be used herein to mean that the depositedmaterial may be formed “directly on”, e.g. in direct contact with, theimplied side or surface. The word “over” used with regards to adeposited material formed “over” a side or surface, may be used hereinto mean that the deposited material may be formed “indirectly on” theimplied side or surface with one or more additional layers beingarranged between the implied side or surface and the deposited material.

For control chips having a low energy consumption, use is typically madeof SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) memories on the chip for storingprogram code and data.

FIG. 1 shows an SRAM cell 100.

The SRAM cell 100 includes a first inverter 101 and a second inverter102.

The output of the first inverter 101 is coupled to the input of thesecond inverter 102 by a first node 103, which is designated by b.

The output of the second inverter 102 is coupled to the input of thefirst inverter 101 by a second node 104, which is designated by bq.

The first node 103 is coupled to a first bit line 106 by a first fieldeffect transistor (FET) 105.

The second node 104 is coupled to a second bit line 108 by a secondfield effect transistor (FET) 107.

The gates of the FETs 105, 107 are coupled to a word line 109.

The state (i.e. the level) at the first node 103 is the state of theSRAM cell and corresponds to the value of the bit which is stored by theSRAM cell 100. The state at the second node 104 is the inverse of thestate at the first node 103. Correspondingly, the first bit line 106 andthe second bit line 108 are also designated as bit line and inverse bitline.

Using the word line 109, the SRAM cell 100 can be activated for anaccess. Depending on whether a read access or a write access isinvolved, the state of the SRAM cell 100 is read out or defined (i.e.written) by the bit lines 106, 108.

An SRAM memory includes a multiplicity of SRAM cells in the form of anSRAM cell array. In order to save energy and chip area, aprecharge/discharge mechanism can be used instead of the use of a senseamplifier for a read access. In this case, by way of example, the bitlines 106, 108 are precharged and in the event of a read access to theSRAM cell 100, depending on the state of the SRAM cell 100, arerespectively discharged or not discharged (wherein the state of the bitlines 106, 108 is complementary after each access).

The state read out or the inverted state read out can be held in a bitline latch respectively provided for the bit line 106 and the invertedbit line 108, until the next read access.

In this case, each access by a processor requires an access to the SRAMmemory cell array, which requires a corresponding precharge. Thisconsumes energy and can also reduce the processing speed of theprocessor on account of wait cycles that are inserted at relatively highprocessor clock frequencies.

In order to avoid speed losses, a cache with corresponding cache controlmay be provided. The speed may be increased by this measure, but itrequires additional chip area and increases the energy consumption.Moreover, cases can occur such as e.g. that, in the event of a datatransfer of requested data between the main memory (i.e. the SRAMmemory) and the cache which requires a plurality of cycles, the memorybus is blocked for some other processor access to memory (such as anonvolatile memory, e.g. a flash or a ROM) or peripheral componentsconnected to the bus.

A description is given below of embodiments in which an increased accessspeed to a memory, e.g. an SRAM, can be achieved, wherein at the sametime the energy consumption can be reduced.

FIG. 2 shows a flow chart 200 in accordance with one embodiment.

The flow chart 200 illustrates a method for accessing a memory.

In 201, a first access to the memory is carried out.

In 202, for example while the access is being carried out, for a memorycell, a bit line coupled to the memory cell is charged to a value whichis stored or to be stored in the memory cell.

In 203, the state of the bit line is held until a second access, whichfollows the first access.

In 204, the held state is output if the second access is a read accessto the memory cell.

In other words, the state of a bit line which the bit line obtained as aresult of read-out of a memory cell is held for a possible subsequentread access to the memory cell. Illustratively, buffer storage (i.e.caching) is already effected at the bit line level, instead of in acache memory connected downstream of the memory. Correspondingly, acircuit or a circuit arrangement for carrying out the method illustratedin FIG. 2 is also designated hereinafter as nanocache.

The nanocache can be used for example as a mechanism for increasing theprocessing speed and reducing the energy consumption in the case of asystem-on-chip (SoC) architecture, which has low system costs, i.e.requires a small chip area. Additional chip area such as for cachememories with corresponding chip controllers is not necessary.

The second access is for example that access to the memory whichdirectly follows the first access, that is to say that between the firstaccess and the second access for example no access to the memory takesplace (or at least no access in which the bit line is involved, i.e. inwhich the value of the bit line is changed, processed or output).

The first access is for example reading a value from the memory cell ora memory cell coupled to the same word line.

The first access can also be writing a value to the memory cell or amemory cell coupled to the same word line.

In accordance with one embodiment, the method, if the second access is awrite access to the memory cell, includes charging the bit line to avalue which is to be written during the write access.

In accordance with one embodiment, the method, if the second access is aread access to a different memory cell coupled to the bit line, includesprecharging the bit line.

The method includes for example holding the state by a latch.

In accordance with one embodiment, the method includes charging, foreach further memory cell of a plurality of further memory cells coupledto the same word line as the memory cell, a further bit line coupled tothe further memory cell to a value which is stored or to be stored inthe further memory cell, holding the states of the further bit linesuntil the second access, and selecting the held state of the memory cellaccessed by the second access from the held states and outputting theselected state if the second access is a read access to the memory cellor one of the further memory cells.

Selecting and outputting the selected state include for examplemultiplexing the held states in accordance with the memory cell accessedby the second access.

The memory cell is an SRAM cell, for example.

The method includes for example checking whether the second access is aread access to the memory cell.

In accordance with one embodiment, the method includes checking whetherthe second access is an access to the memory cell or a memory cellcoupled to the same word line.

By way of example, checking whether the second access is an access tothe memory cell or a memory cell coupled to the same word line includescomparing a word line address of the first access with a word lineaddress of the second access.

The method is carried out for example by a circuit such as isillustrated in FIG. 3.

FIG. 3 shows a memory access circuit 300 in accordance with oneembodiment.

The memory access circuit 300 includes a bit line control circuit 301designed, in the event of a first access to a memory being carried outfor a memory cell 302 of the memory, to charge a bit line 303 coupled tothe memory cell to a value which is stored or to be stored in the memorycell.

The memory access circuit 300 furthermore includes a holding circuit 304designed to hold the state of the bit line 303 until a second access,which follows the first access.

The memory access circuit 300 additionally includes an output circuit305 designed to output the held state if the second access is a readaccess to the memory cell 302.

It should be noted that embodiments described in association with themethod illustrated in FIG. 2 analogously hold true for the memory accesscircuit 300, and vice versa.

Various embodiments are described in greater detail below.

In accordance with one embodiment, each RAM basic block (e.g. 4 Kbytes)is equipped in each case with the nanocache functionality, that is tosay that the state of the bit line which is used for reading out the RAMbasic block is held for each RAM basic block. In other words, in thiscase, the nanocache can be regarded as a single-row cache per RAM basicblock. For an access in which a word line is activated, the states ofall the memory cells connected to the word line are stored.

The states are held in bit line latches, for example. Correspondingly,accesses to the states are possible without a precharge operation. Thestored states can be accessed for example with different granularities,for example in bytes, half-words or words.

Within the nanocache, i.e. the stored states, bit interleaving can beperformed. That is to say that bytes, half-words or words need notnecessarily be stored in ascending order alongside one another (i.e. byadjacent bit lines).

In accordance with one embodiment, a stored state can be read out byaccess which requires only one clock cycle. The nanocache can thus matchthe speed of the memory accesses to the speed of the processor. Duringthe first access to the memory (if the nanocache is not yet filled),delays can occur in a manner corresponding to an uncached excess to thememory.

By way of example, for each RAM basic block, the address of the memorycell (or address of the word line) of the basic block which was accessedlast is stored and, in the event of a new access, is compared with theaddress of the new access (i.e. the memory cell/word line addressed bythe new access), for example by an address detecting logic. In the caseof a hit in the nanocache, i.e. correspondence of the two addresses, thenanocache outputs the addressed datum in the case of a read access. Inthe case of a write access, the value which is to be written istransferred both into the addressed memory cell and into the bit linelatch which stores the state for the basic block.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the energy consumption in the caseof a plurality of successive RAM accesses, assuming that the locality iswithin a word line width, for example 128 bits. If this is the case,then no further precharge is required. By way of example, by amultiplexer provided for each bit line, the stored data are output inthe granularity used (for example a byte, a half-word or a word). Thelonger the word line, for example 256 bits instead of 128 bits, thegreater the energy saving that can be achieved.

FIG. 4 shows a memory access circuit 400 in accordance with oneembodiment.

In this example, the memory access circuit serves for a partial array ofan SRAM memory cell array including four pairs composed of bit line 401,403, 405, 407 and respectively associated inverted bit line 402, 404,406, 408. Each pair composed of bit line 401, 403, 405, 407 and invertedbit line 402, 404, 406, 408 is connected to a multiplicity of SRAMmemory cells as described with reference to FIG. 1, wherein during anaccess one SRAM memory cell of the multiplicity of SRAM memory cells(according to the RAM basic block size) is activated by the associatedword line.

In other words, the memory access circuit 400 illustrated serves foraccessing four rows of the memory cell array. In the case of a word linewidth of 128 bits (i.e. one word line serves for addressing 128 memorycells), the memory access circuit illustrated is correspondingly present32 times, for example.

Each pair composed of bit line and associated inverted bit line isconnected to a multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413 by a respectiveprecharge and latch circuit 409 to 412, which precharges the bit linepair if necessary and buffer stores the states of the bit lines, theinput of which multiplex/demultiplex circuit (if it operates as ademultiplexer) or the output of which multiplex/demultiplex circuit (ifit operates as a multiplexer) is connected to an input/output circuit414.

The bit lines 401 to 408 are for example the bit lines which areconnected to the memory cells which respectively store a first bit (e.g.bit 0) of four 32-bit words. The bits of an individual word aretherefore not accessed by adjacent bit lines, rather the bits of thefour words are grouped in accordance with their bit position in thewords. This can be regarded as interleaving and enables a small arearequirement of the multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413.

In the event of a write access, the input/output circuit 414 receives aninput signal (input bit) DIN. The multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413,which operates as a demultiplexer in this case, forwards the inputsignal to the bit line pair whose assigned selection signal of theselection signals s<3:0> and whose assigned inverted selection signal ofthe inverted selection signals sq<3:0> are active.

In the event of a read access, the multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413,which operates as a multiplexer in this case, forwards the state of thebit line pair whose assigned selection signal of the selection signalss<3:0> and whose assigned inverted selection signal of the invertedselection signals sq<3:0> are active to the input/output circuit 414,which outputs the state as output signal (output bit) DOUT.

The precharge and latch circuits 409 to 412 and the signals prchQ, lckQ,lck received by them are illustrated in greater detail in FIG. 5.

FIG. 5 shows a nanocache arrangement 500 in accordance with oneembodiment.

The nanocache arrangement 500 corresponds for example to one of theprecharge and latch circuits 409 to 412 together with the SRAM cellscoupled to the precharge and latch circuit 409 to 412.

The nanocache arrangement 500 includes a multiplicity of SRAM cells 501which are coupled to a bit line 502 and an inverted bit line 503 asdescribed with reference to FIG. 1. The number of SRAM cells 501corresponds for example to the size of a RAM basic block.

A first p-channel FET 504 and a second p-channel FET 505 are connectedin series between the bit line 502 and the inverted bit line 503.

The gate of the first p-channel FET 504 is connected to the inverted bitline 503 and the gate of the second p-channel FET 505 is connected tothe bit line 502.

Furthermore, a third p-channel FET 506 and a fourth p-channel FET 507are connected in series between the bit line 502 and the inverted bitline 503.

A fifth p-channel FET 508 is connected between the connecting node ofthe first p-channel FET 504 and of the second p-channel FET 505 and ahigh supply potential (VDD). The connecting node of the third p-channelFET 506 and of the fourth p-channel FET 507 is coupled to the highsupply potential.

The gate of the third p-channel FET 506 and the gate of the fourthp-channel FET 507 acquire the active low precharge signal prchQ, bywhich the bit lines 503, 504 can be charged to the high supplypotential.

Furthermore, a first n-channel FET 509 and a second n-channel FET 510are connected in series between the bit line 502 and the inverted bitline 503.

A third n-channel FET 511 is connected between the connecting node ofthe first n-channel FET 509 and of the second n-channel FET 510 and alow supply potential (VSS).

The active high latch activation signal lck is fed to the gate of thethird re-channel FET 511 and the inverse active low latch activationsignal lckQ relative thereto is fed to the gate of the fifth p-channelFET 508.

If the latch activation signals are active, then the first p-channel FET504, the second p-channel FET 505, the first n-channel FET 509 and thesecond n-channel FET 510 function as a latch which holds the states ofthe bit lines 502, 503.

One example of the multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413 and theinput/output circuit 414 is illustrated in FIG. 6.

FIG. 6 shows a multiplex/demultiplex arrangement 600.

The multiplex/demultiplex arrangement 600 includes a transmission gatecomposed of in each case a p-channel FET 609 and an n-channel FET 610for each bit line 601, 603, 605, 607 and for each inverted bit line 602,604, 606, 608.

The transmission gate of a bit line is connected between the bit lineand a (non-inverted) first input/output node 611 and the transmissiongate of an inverted bit line is connected between the bit line and aninverted second input/output node 612.

The gate of the p-channel FET 609 for a bit line 601, 603, 605, 607 isfed the inverted selection signal of the inverted selection signalssq<3:0> which is assigned to said bit line.

The gate of the p-channel FET 609 for an inverted bit line 602, 604,606, 608 is fed the inverted selection signal of the inverted selectionsignals sq<3:0> which is assigned to said bit line.

The gate of the n-channel FET 610 for a bit line 601, 603, 605, 607 isfed the selection signal of the selection signals s<3:0> which isassigned to said bit line.

The gate of the n-channel FET 610 for an inverted bit line 602, 604,606, 608 is fed the selection signal of the selection signals s<3:0>which is assigned to said bit line.

A bit line and an inverted bit line which belong to a bit line pair areassigned the same selection signal of the selection signals s<3:0> andthe same inverted selection signal of the inverted selection signalssq<3:0>.

The FETs 609, 610 form a bidirectional multiplex/demultiplex circuitwhich operates as a 4-to-1 bit line multiplexer in the case of a readaccess and operates as a 1-of-4 demultiplexer in the case of a writeaccess.

The multiplex/demultiplex arrangement 600 furthermore includes a datainput latch 613 and a data output latch 614, which correspond to theinput/output circuit 414.

During a write access, for each clock cycle of a write clock cycle clkwr, the data input latch 613 receives an input signal DIN, buffers itand outputs it as signal Q at its output.

A first further n-channel FET 615 is connected between the output of thedata input latch 613 and the first input/output node 611.

Furthermore, the output of the data input latch 613 is connected to theinput of an inverter 616. A second further n-channel FET 617 isconnected between the output of the inverter 616 and the secondinput/output node 612.

The gates of the further n-channel FETs 615, 617 are fed the active highwrite activation signal wr, such that, during a write access, thefurther n-channel FETs 615, 617 forward the input signal and theinverted input signal to the first input/output node 611 and the secondinput/output node 612, respectively.

The first input/output node 611 is connected to a non-inverting input ofthe data output latch 614 and the second input/output node 612 isconnected to an inverting input of the data output latch 614.

During a read access, for each clock cycle of a read clock clk_rd, thedata output latch 614 receives the states of the input/output nodes 611,612, buffers them and outputs a corresponding output signal DOUT (forexample the buffered state of the first input/output node 611).

The data output latch 614 can be reset by a reset signal rst.

FIG. 7 shows one example of the profile of the signals clk_rd, wr, lck,lckQ, prchQ and wl for an access without a cache hit.

A first signal diagram 701 shows the profile of the signal clk_rd.

A second signal diagram 702 shows the profile of the signal wr.

A third signal diagram 703 shows the profile of the signal lck.

A fourth signal diagram 704 shows the profile of the signal lckQ.

A fifth signal diagram 705 shows the profile of the signal prchQ.

A sixth signal diagram 706 shows the profile of the signal wl.

For a read access, firstly the (bit line) latch activation signal lckfor the re-channel FETs 509, 510, 511 is deactivated in order to avoid adriver conflict with the precharge (pull-up) transistors 506, 507, whichare subsequently (arrow 707) activated, such that the bit line pair ischarged to the logic state (1,1). This is necessary since after thepreceding memory access the bit lines are held in their preceding(complementary) states.

After the precharge has ended, the selected word line wl (i.e. the wordline which corresponds to a read address fed to the memory) is activated(arrow 708) and the bit lines assume complementary states according tothe content of the addressed SRAM cell, such that the data output latch614 can be activated by the activation of clk_rd. Finally, wl and clk_rdare deactivated and lck is activated again, such that the state of thebit lines is held.

For a write access, firstly the (bit line) latch activation signal lckfor the re-channel FETs 509, 510, 511 and the (bit line) latchactivation signal lckQ for the p-channel FETs 504, 505, 508 aredeactivated in order to avoid a driver conflict with the input bitsupplied by the data input latch 613. The write activation signal wr issubsequently activated (arrows 709). Afterward (arrows 710), the latchactivation signals lck and lckQ are activated again, such that thewritten states of the bit line are brought to a full VDD-VSS differenceand are held, such that the write activation signal wr can bedeactivated again (arrow 711) and the selected word line wl (i.e. theword line which corresponds to a read address fed to the memory) can beactivated (arrow 712), such that the states of the bit lines aretransferred into the addressed SRAM cell. Finally, the word line isdeactivated again, i.e. the access transistors 105, 107 of the selectedSRAM cell are switched off. The bit written by the write access is heldon the bit lines.

The sequence illustrated in FIG. 7 elucidates the case where the wordline address of the current access differs from the word line address ofthe previous access. A description is given below, with reference toFIG. 8, of an address detecting logic which is provided in accordancewith one embodiment in order to detect whether the word line address ofthe current access corresponds to the word line address of the previousaccess and correspondingly controls the memory access circuit 400.

FIG. 8 shows an address detecting logic circuit 800.

The address detecting logic circuit 800 receives an address word addressfor the current (i.e. most recent) access adr<n_(adr)-1:0>, the mostsignificant bits adr<n_(adr)-1:n_(adr)n_(msb)> of which indicate theaddress of the word line and the least significant bitsadr<n_(adr)-nmsb-1:0> of which indicate the word of the words (forexample of the four 32-bit words) which are accessed by the addressedword line.

The address detecting logic circuit 800 includes a first flip-flopcircuit 801, which stores the n_(msb) most significant bits of theprevious address, i.e. the word line address for the previous access,adr_ff<n_(adr)-1:n_(adr)-n_(msb)>. By way of example, the firstflip-flop circuit 801 includes for each of the n_(msb) most significantbits of an address, a D-type flip-flop which, during an access, receivesthe bit of the address at its D input, stores it for the subsequentaccess and outputs it via its Q output.

The address detecting logic circuit 800 furthermore includes an addresscomparator 802, which receives the n_(msb) most significant bits of thecurrent address, i.e. of the word line address for the current access,adr<n_(adr)-1:n_(adr)-n_(msb)>, and compares them with the n_(msb) mostsignificant bits of the stored previous word line address fed to it bythe first flip-flop circuit 801.

By way of example, the address comparator 802 generates an output signaladr_ck_en in accordance with

${{adr\_ ck}{\_ en}} = {\sum\limits_{j = {n_{adr} - n_{msb}}}^{n_{adr} - 1}\left( {{{adr}(j)} \oplus {{adr\_ ff}(j)}} \right)}$

-   -   where the summation sign Σ denotes a Boolean OR.

The output signal is fed to a clock gating circuit 803, which, dependingon whether adr_ck_en is equal to 1 or 0, switches through or blocks theclock signal CK for the memory at its output.

The output signal of the clock gating circuit 804 is fed to the firstflip-flop circuit 801 as clock (for example to each D-type flip-flop atits clock input).

Consequently, the first flip-flop circuit 801 stores the current wordline address only if the current word line address differs from theprevious word line address.

The output signal of the clock gating circuit is also fed to a wordline/bit line control circuit 804, which generates a bit line controlsignal bl_ctrl and a word line decoder control signal wl_dec_ctrl. Inthis case, the word line/bit line control circuit 804 takes account ofwhether a read access (read activation signal rd active) or a writeaccess (write activation signal wr active) is involved.

By way of example, the word line/bit line control circuit 804 generatesthe bit line control signal bl_ctrl in such a way that a precharge ofthe bit lines is carried out only if rd=1 and ck_adr_msb=1.

The word line decoder control signal wl_dec_ctrl controls a word linedecoder 805.

The word line decoder 805 only ever activates one of its 2^(n) wordlineswhich are available to it. The stored word line address in 801 is thecurrently active word line address which is read from or written to.

The address comparison takes place between the (last) active word lineaddress and the next (current) word line address.

The address detecting logic circuit 800 furthermore includes a secondflip-flop circuit 806, which stores the least significant bits of theprevious address, i.e. of the word line address for the previous access,adr_ff<n_(adr)-nmsb-1:0>. By way of example, the second flip-flopcircuit 806 has, for each of the least significant bits of an address, aD-type flip-flop which, during an access, receives the bit of theaddress at its D input, stores it for the subsequent access and outputsit via its Q output.

The bits stored by the second flip-flop circuit 806 are fed to a bitline multiplexer control circuit 807, which correspondingly generatesmultiplexer control signals bl_mux_ctrl, such as the selection signals sand sq, for example.

One example of an implementation of the address comparator 802 isillustrated in FIG. 9.

FIG. 9 shows an address comparison circuit 900.

The address comparison circuit 900 includes a plurality of XOR gates901, which in each case subject a bit of the current address to XORingwith the corresponding bit of the previous address. The results of theXORings are ORed by an OR gate 902. The result of the ORing is theoutput signal of the address comparison circuit 900 adr_ck_en.

If the comparison carried out by the address comparison circuit 900 issuccessful, i.e. a nanocache hit is present, the current address is notstored in the first flip-flop circuit 801 since this address is alreadystored there. Moreover, the bit line multiplexer control circuit 807typically selects a different word (of the for example four words havingthe same word line address) since the processor typically does not wantto read the same datum again, but rather for example the word having thenext higher address. That is determined by the less significant addressbits stored in the second flip-flop circuit 806. New selection signals sand sq are correspondingly fed to the multiplex/demultiplex circuit 413.

In contrast to the sequence illustrated in FIG. 7, prchQ is notlow-activated in the case of a nanocache hit during a read access, inorder to save power and to read faster. If the read access in FIG. 7takes up a time of two clock cycles, for example, the duration canthereby be reduced to one clock cycle in the case of a nanocache hit. Inan embodiment in which the output latch 614 is not present, rather thestates of the nodes 611, 612 are output directly, the activation ofclk_rd can also be dispensed with.

While the invention has been particularly shown and described withreference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by thoseskilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention asdefined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is thusindicated by the appended claims and all changes which come within themeaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended tobe embraced.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for accessing a memory, the methodcomprising: carrying out a first access to the memory and charging, fora memory cell, a bit line coupled to the memory cell to a value which isstored or to be stored in the memory cell; holding the state of the bitline until a second access, which follows the first access; andoutputting the held state if the second access is a read access to thememory cell.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first access isreading a value from the memory cell or a memory cell coupled to thesame word line.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first access iswriting a value to the memory cell or a memory cell coupled to the sameword line.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: if the secondaccess is a write access to the memory cell, charging the bit line to avalue which is to be written during the write access.
 5. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: if the second access is a read access to adifferent memory cell coupled to the bit line, precharging the bit line.6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: holding the state by alatch.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: charging, for eachfurther memory cell of a plurality of further memory cells coupled tothe same word line as the memory cell, a further bit line coupled to thefurther memory cell to a value which is stored or to be stored in thefurther memory cell; holding the states of the further bit lines untilthe second access; and selecting the held state of the memory cellaccessed by the second access from the held states and outputting theselected state if the second access is a read access to the memory cellor one of the further memory cells.
 8. The method of claim 7, whereinselecting and outputting the selected state comprises multiplexing theheld states in accordance with the memory cell accessed by the secondaccess.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the memory cell is an SRAMcell.
 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising: checking whetherthe second access is a read access to the memory cell.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, further comprising: checking whether the second access is anaccess to the memory cell or a memory cell coupled to the same wordline.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein checking whether the secondaccess is an access to the memory cell or a memory cell coupled to thesame word line comprises comparing a word line address of the firstaccess with a word line address of the second access.
 13. A memoryaccess circuit, comprising: a bit line control circuit designed, in theevent of a first access to a memory being carried out for a memory cellof the memory, to charge a bit line coupled to the memory cell to avalue which is stored or to be stored in the memory cell; a holdingcircuit designed to hold the state of the bit line until a secondaccess, which follows the first access; and an output circuit designedto output the held state if the second access is a read access to thememory cell.
 14. The memory access circuit of claim 13, wherein thememory cell is an SRAM cell.